Cotton cultivation process pdf

Documented by department of agriculture tamil nadu government edited and streamed by eextension center, tnau for further details contact. In addition, cotton is a waterthirsty crop and around 6% of the water for irrigation in. At this facility, the raw cotton is carded, which is the process of forming cotton fibers into long strands. Here we will explain each process in detail using some illustrations. Cotton is essentially a tropical crop, but its cultivation is carried on successfully over many parts of the world, far removed from the tropics. Pdf on feb 1, 2019, mageshwaran vellaichamy and others published current status of organic cotton production in india find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Today, we detail cotton cultivation practices, farming methods, planting methods, and harvesting techniques. Pdf current status of organic cotton production in india.

These days, more and more people are trying their hand at growing cotton, whether its to live a selfsufficient lifestyle, to learn an ancient craft, or to make a little cash. Healthy rural economies are based on stable farm income, and cotton yields and prices are often among the healthiest of all field crops, vegetable or fruit. As of 2007, 265,517 bales of organic cotton were produced in 24 countries, and worldwide production was growing at a rate of more than 50% per year 7. Cotton also is used to make yarn used in crochet and knitting.

Smallscale mushroom cultivation 8 2 biology of mushrooms 2. Cotton was discovered in threads on a copper bead at a burial site dated to the neolithic period 6000 bc. A textile manufacturing process involves the production or conversion of textile fiber through a defined process in a product. Eli whitneys invention of the cotton gin started the mechanization of the cotton growing and manufacturing process. Starting a cotton farm sample business plan template. It is comfortable to wear because it absorbs and releases moisture quickly.

Show full abstract production of sustainable and profitable cotton was established through the pilot project, resulting in quality produce that ensured market uptake of sustainable cotton. The pulp and paper making processes princeton university. Before planting, the soil is plowed, loosened and harrowed to make the soil suitable for cultivation. Cotton farming is a lucrative business just like oil palm, almost all its parts can be processed into one or multiple products. A typical gin will process about 12 bales per hour, while some of todays more modern gins may process. Organic cotton material snapshot material scenario cotton fiber that is grown, processed, and certified, according to organic standards. Steps in the pulp and papermaking process raw material preparation wood received at a pulp mill may be in several different forms, depending on the pulping process. Cotton and its uses can be dated from 5000 bc and are used mostly as a fabric. Nearly all of the american cotton fiber growth and production occurs in southern and western states, dominated by texas. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. Most cotton in the united states, europe, and australia is harvested mechanically, either by a cotton picker, a machine that removes the cotton from the boll without damaging the cotton plant, or.

When warmth is desired, it can be napped, a process giving the fabric a downy surface. For this, the ground is plowed and divided into seed rows. The old cotton varieties were suited to each region and its. Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus gossypium in the mallow family malvaceae. Once cotton has been cleaned to the extent that it consists of pure cotton fibers without any seeds or trash, it is transferred to a textile production facility. Data reveals that cotton cultivation in india consumes 44. World production of organic cotton amounts to 6,000 tons of fiber annually, or about 0.

The cotton plant is kind of sensitive to timing, meaning that the time you plant the cotton seeds matters a lot. Unit processes for the production of cotton begin with the seed at field, cultivation, and ginning. Cotton cultivation and processing in the beginning the seeds are planted into the soil. It also assists other audiences interested in better cotton, such as retailers, ginners, spinners, traders, ngos, trade unions, producer organisations and large independent cotton farmers, to better understand the better cotton production principles and criteria. We use cotton to make everything from clothing and rope to fishing nets, coffee filters, and paper. From raw cotton to cotton fabrics toyota industries. Cultivation and harvesting of cotton plant introduction conditions for cultivation life cycle of cotton cultivation process insect pests and diseases picking and harvesting 4. Cotton f ibres mostly are spun into yarns or threads and used to make textiles. For the period 19972001 the worldwide consumption of cotton products required 256 gm3 of water per year. The demand for it in india is estimated to be about 2. Its seed binola is used in vanaspati industry and can also be used as part of fodder for milch cattle to. Cotton aphids, cotton jassids are controlled by spraying malathion 0. Irrigation causes the seed to germinate and break through the surface to reach daylight.

What was once a backbreaking, lowpaying job is done today entirely by machines, but the process is still highly complex and involved. Cotton is a crop most suited to drylands and has flourished there despite the vagaries of nature and poor monsoons. The process takes a fiber mass roving, reduces the mass through fiber drafting, inserts twist for strength, and winds the yarn onto a bobbin. Measuring the production of cotton in thousand metric tons, china produced 6,532 thousand metric tons and india produced 6,423 thousand metric tons of cotton in the past year, whereas the usa had a production of 3,553 thousand metric tons. Water footprint of cotton consumption pdf chapagain, a. The demand for surgical cotton is growing at the rate of 10 percent per annum across the world. From raw cotton to co tton fabrics the fabric usually used in the clothes we wear is produced through two processes. Groundnut oil making process peanut, business plan. Cotton fabrics can be extremely durable and resistant to abrasion. Stages of the cotton manufacturing process bizfluent. Cotton cultivation project report, farming cost, profit. The quality of the cotton seed you plant will determine the quality of cotton product you will get when you harvest. For intercropping with greengram soybean, complete the sowing and irrigation 20 days prior to cotton sowing on one side of the ridge. The mineralised threads were subject to metallurgical analysis with a combination of a reflectedlight microscope and a scanning.

Cotton accepts many dyes, is usually washable, and can be ironed at relatively high temperatures. It provides the basic raw material cotton fibre to cotton textile industry. Several changes in cotton production have taken place in the world. Technology has changed the cultivation process from a laborintensive, nonprofitable enterprise to americas number one valueadded crop. Afterwards, the seeds which have a size of about 0,5cm are inserted into the soil with a mechanical planter. Cultivation and harvesting of cotton linkedin slideshare. Growth and production of cotton encyclopedia of life. Cotton incorporated sponsors numerous agronomy research projects on cotton crop production and profitability.

A national cotton council analysis affirms that todays modern cotton production system provides significant benefits to rural americas economy and environment. Cotton is planted in spring, grown over summer, and picked in autumn. Stewart encyclopedia of life support systems eolss identified. Cotton is the most important fibre crop not only of india but of the entire world. Cotton cultivation on ridges across the slopes conserves more water, reduces soil erosion and improves yield. Indian cotton production is heavily associated with the intensive use of hazardous pesticides. The limits of cultivation may be said to be the 40th latitude on both sides of the equator. Ring spinning is the oldest type of fiber spinning still in use. Environmental issues with cotton cotton environmental.

Pdf progress of ethiopian cotton producers towards. Conventional cotton cultivation input and output flow. The resultant textile product can be a finished product ready for consumer market, or it may be an intermediate product to be used as an input raw material substance to. Attractive domestic prices coupled with a growing textile and apparel industry, and recent approval of bt cotton. Figure 4 is the detailed manufacturing process adopted by both types of cotton at a standard processing plant that renders cotton fiber into wearable tshirts. Even today, ring spinning makes the widest range of yarn counts with the highest strength. Smallscale mushroom cultivation journey to forever. China, india and united states of america are the top three countries where cotton is produced. Demand for organic cotton is highest in europe about 3,500 tons or 58% of the total and the u. Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, round the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus gossypium in the mallow family malvaceae. These include widespread cultivation of bt cotton, development of resistance in cotton. Cotton is then moved to a warehouse for storage until it is shipped to a textile mill for use. If cotton intercropped with other crops, one paired row of cotton is alternated with three rows of intercrop and the total population of cotton crop is maintained at the same level as in the case of pure crop. Thus, fungi depend on other organisms for food, absorb.

The increase in production is due to an increase in area harvested. The native distribution of all five tetraploid cottons 24 52nx, ad is restricted to the new world, although its emergence involves a combination of an old. Cotton seeds are planted in spring and the plant grows into green, bushy shrubs. It is grown either at sea level or at moderate elevations not exceeding 3,000 feet. Indian surgical cotton industry is expecting a boost in sales in the domestic and international market mainly due to the rise in demand. Cotton production for my201920 is forecast at 262,000 bales 57,000 metric tons, eight percent higher than the previous year. The earliest known historical traces of cotton were found at mehrgarh near the city of quetta, making pakistan one of the first regions of cotton cultivation.